Devolution Plans Strengthen Case for Written UK Constitution 2026

The UK's devolution plans, championed by Andy Burnham, are strengthening the case for a written constitution, a move that could fundamentally reshape the nation's governance. As the UK remains one of the few major democracies without a codified constitution, Burnham argues that decentralisation makes a formal constitutional settlement increasingly necessary.

Why Devolution Demands a Written Constitution

Andy Burnham, the Mayor of Greater Manchester, has long advocated for a more balanced distribution of power across the UK. His recent statements highlight that the ongoing devolution of financial and decision-making authority to regional leaders makes the absence of a written constitution untenable. Without a codified framework, devolution agreements remain ad hoc and vulnerable to political shifts.

Burnham emphasised that Britain is changing, and England especially is evolving through these reforms. He pointed to the need for a codified model that works for Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, and the English regions, ensuring equivalent living standards across all areas.

The Push for a New Constitutional Settlement

In a potentially historic shift, Burnham described the latest devolution measures as the most radical departure from Britain's overcentralised political establishment. The 'rewiring' of the UK has reached a new level of seriousness, with decision-making moving from Whitehall to mayors and local authorities through initiatives like No 10 North.

Burnham's pledge of 'good growth in every postcode' is more than a soundbite; it reflects a commitment to reducing regional inequality. A written constitution would enshrine these principles, protecting them from future governments that might seek to centralise power again.

Comparative Analysis: Written vs. Unwritten Constitutions

To understand the significance, consider how other democracies handle constitutional governance:

As the table shows, most major democracies have written constitutions that provide clarity and stability. The UK's unwritten system has evolved over centuries, but critics argue it is antiquated and concentrates power in the executive.

Expert Perspectives on Constitutional Change

Tim Bale, a professor of politics at Queen Mary University of London, noted that introducing a written constitution would be a 'huge departure' for the UK. Historically, countries adopt written constitutions after revolutions or wars that delegitimise previous regimes. The UK's current situation, while not revolutionary, reflects a gradual but profound shift in governance.

Burnham's proposal aligns with a broader movement for constitutional reform, including electoral reform and a more federal structure. However, the path to a written constitution remains unclear, requiring significant political will and public consensus.

Key Takeaways on Devolution and Constitutional Reform

• Devolution is making the case for a written constitution more compelling.
• A codified constitution would protect regional powers and ensure equal living standards.
• The UK is an outlier among major democracies in lacking a written constitution.
• Constitutional change would be a historic departure, requiring broad political support.
• Expert opinion suggests such changes typically follow major upheavals, but the UK's evolution may be unique.

As the debate unfolds, the question remains: will the UK embrace a written constitution to cement its devolution journey? The answer could redefine the nation's political landscape for generations.

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