Country diary entries often capture the essence of rural life, and this one weaves together a tangle of butterflies and battle re-enactments in the Welsh Marches. From the ruins of Oswestry Castle to the ancient Pontfadog oak, history and nature intertwine in a captivating narrative.
The Setting: Oswestry Castle and the Marches
I'm telling the story from a pub in the bailey opposite the ruins of Oswestry Castle. There in 1165, Henry II, the Angevin king of England, gathered troops from the Marcher Lords to advance on an alliance of Welsh princes for control of the Marches. The previous Sunday, 861 years later, we went the same way as Henry's army to Chirk Castle, Castell Y Waun a'r Ardd, to see a re-enactment of the Battle of Crogen.
The Battle of Crogen Re-enactment
The present castle wasn't built back then and the battle at Crogen was in the Ceiriog Valley below. Henry had sent woodsmen to raze woodland in the valley to remove the Welsh advantage, but he left one oak, Quercus petraea, at which Owain Gwynedd gathered his army. That tree became the Pontfadog oak – a giant, the oldest British oak, and survived as the National Tree of Wales, much loved and storied until it blew down in a storm in 2013 at an estimated 1,600 years old.
I have a small fragment of it given to me by the longtime Guardian environment editor John Vidal. The battle re-enactment, with crashing swords and shields in the colours of Marcher lords and Welsh princes, fine horses and boinging arrows, was fun to watch with a running commentary giving a sense of what was happening and who was doing what. Histories vary about whether this was a great battle, isolated harassments or no fighting at all, but the outcome was the same: the Welsh won.
Butterflies and Nature's Resilience
Amidst the clashing swords and cheering crowds, a tangle of butterflies danced over the wildflowers. Their delicate presence contrasted sharply with the simulated violence, reminding us of nature's resilience. The Pontfadog oak may be gone, but its legacy lives on in the landscape and in the stories we tell.
Key Takeaways
- Battle re-enactments bring history to life, but they also highlight the interplay between human conflict and the natural world.
- The Pontfadog oak, a symbol of Welsh resistance, stood for over a millennium before its fall in 2013.
- Butterflies and other wildlife continue to thrive in the Marches, offering a peaceful counterpoint to historical battles.
- Country diaries capture the small, intimate moments that connect us to the past and to nature.
Comparing Historical Accounts and Natural Observations
Historical records of the Battle of Crogen vary, but the natural world provides its own record. The table below compares key aspects of the battle with the ecological features observed during the re-enactment.
| Aspect | Historical Account | Natural Observation |
|---|---|---|
| Location | Ceiriog Valley, near Chirk Castle | Wildflower meadows with butterfly species |
| Key Figure | Owain Gwynedd, Henry II | Pontfadog oak as rallying point |
| Outcome | Welsh victory | Ancient oak survived until 2013 |
| Legacy | Symbol of Welsh resistance | National Tree of Wales, biodiversity |
FAQ
What was the Battle of Crogen?
The Battle of Crogen was fought in 1165 between Henry II of England and an alliance of Welsh princes led by Owain Gwynedd. It took place in the Ceiriog Valley, and although historical accounts vary, the Welsh are said to have won.
Why is the Pontfadog oak significant?
The Pontfadog oak was a sessile oak (Quercus petraea) that stood for an estimated 1,600 years. It was the oldest British oak and served as a rallying point for Owain Gwynedd's army. It was considered the National Tree of Wales until it blew down in a storm in 2013.
What butterflies can be seen in the Welsh Marches?
The Welsh Marches are home to a variety of butterfly species, including the speckled wood, meadow brown, and small tortoiseshell. Their presence adds a layer of natural beauty to the historic landscape.
As the re-enactment ended and the crowd dispersed, the butterflies continued their own dance, oblivious to the human dramas that had unfolded. In the end, it's these small, living details that make a country diary so compelling – a reminder that nature and history are forever entangled.
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