Autumn sunshine could extend Britain's bumper year for butterflies, as warm weather allows more species to squeeze in an extra generation. Summer may be over, but the reverberations from one of the best butterfly seasons in Britain this century continue. Thanks to extended warm seasons, more species are appearing again, and if the sunshine lasts, we could see even more.
Why Autumn Sunshine Matters for Butterflies
Most flowers were frazzled long ago, and we might expect to see few butterflies beyond September. But it is not over yet. The key is autumn sunshine. With more warm days, butterflies can complete an additional life cycle, and migratory species can produce new generations before winter sets in.
Small coppers are on the wing again alongside large and small whites, while red admirals and peacocks pop out of hibernation to feed on late-flowering buddleia. Britain's two main migratory species, the painted lady and the clouded yellow, are also still whizzing around, pausing on their flight back to frost-free southern Europe.
Star Species: The Queen of Spain Fritillary
The most exciting autumn sighting is a third, much rarer migrant, the Queen of Spain fritillary. It's almost certainly been the best ever year in Britain for this graceful orange-brown butterfly with dazzling panels of silver on its underside. Like other migratory butterflies, this species can rapidly produce a new generation of adult butterflies in about eight weeks.
If we enjoy more sunshine in October, more offspring of the Queen of Spain fritillaries spotted around the south and east coast of England in August will emerge as adult butterflies, complementing the ginger, cinnamon and gold of the autumn leaves.
Comparison of Butterfly Generations
| Species | Typical Generations | Extra Generation with Autumn Sunshine? |
|---|---|---|
| Small Copper | 2-3 | Yes |
| Large White | 2 | Yes |
| Painted Lady | 1-2 (migratory) | Yes |
| Queen of Spain Fritillary | 1 (rare migrant) | Yes, if warm |
Key Takeaways
- Autumn sunshine allows butterflies to complete an extra generation.
- Migratory species like the painted lady and clouded yellow are still active.
- The Queen of Spain fritillary has had a record year in Britain.
- More sunshine in October could lead to more adult butterflies emerging.
FAQ
Why is autumn sunshine important for butterflies?
Autumn sunshine provides the warmth needed for butterflies to complete an extra generation before winter. It also allows migratory species to produce offspring that can survive the journey back to southern Europe.
What is the Queen of Spain fritillary?
The Queen of Spain fritillary is a rare migratory butterfly with orange-brown wings and silver panels on its underside. It has had an exceptional year in Britain, with many sightings along the south and east coasts.
Which butterflies can be seen in autumn in Britain?
In autumn, you can see small coppers, large and small whites, red admirals, peacocks, painted ladies, clouded yellows, and occasionally the Queen of Spain fritillary.
As the leaves turn, keep an eye out for these late-flying butterflies. With a bit more autumn sunshine, Britain's bumper butterfly year could continue to surprise us.
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