The Bangladesh energy crisis has pushed millions in Dhaka into darkness, with piped gas and electricity shortages disrupting daily life. For 34-year-old bank employee Halder, this means waking at 1am to cook for her family—the only time gas pressure is sufficient. The capital, home to nearly 40 million people, now operates in darkness as public areas shut off power early to conserve energy. This crisis, triggered by the US war on Iran and worsened by Bangladesh’s reliance on imported energy, presents a formidable challenge for the newly elected government.
What Caused the Bangladesh Energy Crisis?
The Bangladesh energy crisis stems from a confluence of global and domestic factors. The US war on Iran disrupted global energy markets, sending prices soaring and supply chains into disarray. Bangladesh, heavily dependent on imported liquefied natural gas (LNG) and oil, felt the shock acutely. According to the International Energy Agency, Bangladesh imports over 30% of its natural gas, making it vulnerable to geopolitical shocks. Domestic challenges include aging infrastructure, corruption, and years of economic mismanagement under the previous Awami League government, which was ousted in 2024 after widespread protests.
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The Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) government, elected in February, inherited a crippled energy sector. Despite promises to restore supply, the crisis has deepened, leaving citizens to grapple with the consequences.
Daily Life in Dhaka: A Struggle for Basics
For Halder and millions like her, the energy crisis has turned simple tasks into ordeals. “I don’t want anything extraordinary from the government; I want to turn on the stove and find gas, I want to switch on the light and find electricity, I want clean water from the tap,” she says. “These are not luxuries.” Her sleep has dwindled to three hours or less, yet she must run a household and work full-time.
The city’s darkness extends beyond homes. Streetlights are turned off early, markets close at dusk, and businesses rely on costly generators. The lack of power has also crippled water pumping stations, leading to water shortages in some areas.
Key Impacts on Residents
- Cooking: Gas supply is only available in the early morning hours, forcing families to adjust sleep schedules.
- Electricity: Rolling blackouts last up to 8 hours daily, affecting homes, hospitals, and schools.
- Economy: Small businesses face reduced productivity, while larger industries consider relocation.
- Health: Heatwaves without fans or air conditioning exacerbate health risks, especially for the elderly and children.
Comparing Energy Sources and Their Reliability
Bangladesh’s energy mix has traditionally relied on natural gas, but declining domestic production and import challenges have shifted the balance. The table below compares the reliability of different energy sources during the current crisis.
| Energy Source | Share of Total Supply | Reliability During Crisis |
|---|---|---|
| Imported LNG | 30% | Low (price volatility, supply disruptions) |
| Domestic Natural Gas | 45% | Moderate (depleting reserves) |
| Coal | 10% | Moderate (import dependent) |
| Renewables (Solar, Hydro) | 5% | High (but limited capacity) |
| Diesel Generators (backup) | 10% | High (costly, polluting) |
Government Response and Challenges
The BNP government has announced emergency measures, including subsidies for imported fuel and accelerated renewable energy projects. However, critics argue that bureaucratic delays and corruption hinder progress. “The government is trying, but the scale of the crisis is unprecedented,” says energy analyst Dr. Rahman. “We need international support and a long-term diversification strategy.”
Bangladesh has sought loans from the IMF and World Bank to bolster energy imports, but debt sustainability remains a concern. Meanwhile, public frustration is mounting, with protests erupting in Dhaka over the lack of basic services.
What Lies Ahead for Bangladesh’s Energy Sector?
Experts suggest that without structural reforms, the crisis will persist. Diversifying energy sources, investing in renewables, and improving infrastructure are critical. Regional cooperation, such as importing hydropower from Nepal and Bhutan, could also help. For now, families like Halder’s continue to endure, hoping for a brighter future.
FAQ
What is causing the Bangladesh energy crisis?
The crisis is primarily caused by global supply disruptions from the US war on Iran, which raised prices for imported LNG and oil. Domestic factors include aging infrastructure, corruption, and over-reliance on imported energy.
How are residents coping with the gas and power shortages?
Residents like Halder wake up at 1am to cook when gas pressure is sufficient. Many use backup generators, but these are costly. Rolling blackouts force families to adjust routines and endure extreme heat without cooling.
What is the government doing to resolve the crisis?
The government has announced subsidies for imported fuel, sought international loans, and fast-tracked renewable energy projects. However, bureaucratic delays and financial constraints have slowed progress.
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