Hvad er en tourbillon, og hvad bruges den til? 2026

Michael Goldman
What is a tourbillon and what is it for? - grandgoldman.com
This page may contain affiliate links.

Det franske udtryk "tourbillon" blev i det 17. århundrede brugt af astronomer som et synonym for planetsystem. Formodentlig valgte urmageren Louis Abraham Breguet det på grund af ligheden med den mekanisme, han opfandt i 1795, hvor flere elementer roterer omkring en central akse. Men hvad er en tourbillon, og hvad bruges den til?

For at forstå det korrekt, skal vi tilbage et århundrede før, da den hollandske fysiker og astronom Christiaan Huygens (af mange betragtet som den moderne urmakerkunsts fader) opdagede og anvendte fænomenet isokronisme ved at opfinde balancehjulet med spiralfjederregulering, som korrigerede urenes gennemsnitlige tidsafvigelse fra 40 minutter om dagen til blot tre. Det nye system gav anledning til mange opfindelser af udløsninger til hastighedsregulering. Spiralfjeder-balancehjul-udløsningsenheden kaldes almindeligvis "reguleringsorgan" af indlysende årsager.


25% Off All iHerb Brands

Find Bleeding Edge Supplements at Scandalous Prices on iHerb.


Volant-Breguet

ADVERTISEMENT

Med denne opfindelse, og allerede i Breguets tid, havde urmagerteknologien formået at løse de fleste problemer med nøjagtighed og pålidelighed, men som et mekanisk system var reguleringsorganet stadig underlagt påvirkning fra eksterne faktorer som temperatur, vibrationer og tyngdekraft.

Og det er denne sidste, som Breguet satte sig for at kompensere for, om ikke at ophæve. På det tidspunkt (1700-tallet) var alle bærbare ure lommeure (standardiseringen af armbåndsuret kom først langt ind i det 20. århundrede), og disse ure tilbragte det meste af tiden placeret i ejerens vestelommer, hvilket betød, at de altid var i samme position – lodret – undtagen når de blev taget op derfra for at tjekke tiden. Præcis det modsatte af det ideelle (vandret position).

Breguet indså, at balancehjulets svingningsfrekvens varierede afhængigt af dets position, hvilket direkte påvirkede dets præcision. Løsningen – uendeligt meget lettere at beskrive end at udføre – var at placere hele reguleringsorganet i et stålbur, der fastgjort på sekundhjulet ville rotere om sin egen akse én gang i minuttet og dermed kompensere for afvigelserne fra den første halvdel af omdrejningen med dem fra den anden. Så kompleks – og dyr – var dens konstruktion, at Breguet selv kun byggede 35 ure med tourbillon i de 18 år, der gik fra opfindelsen til urmagerens død, og næsten altid til velhavende kunder, heriblandt familierne Bourbon og Hannover.

ADVERTISEMENT

Måske af denne grund (og fordi Breguet allerede var en vigtig urmagerivirksomhed, der skulle være rentabel) faldt tourbillonen efter Louis-Abrahams død i unåde til fordel for andre forbedringer, også opdaget af ham, såsom kurven, der bærer hans navn anvendt på spiralfjederen eller ankeret anvendt på udløsningen, og det var først i 1980 (180 år efter patentet), at den første tourbillon blev monteret på et armbåndsur. Og det er i denne type ure – armbåndsure – at tourbillonen holder op med at være en "nyttig komplikation" og bliver en demonstration af den virtuositet, som den person, der fremstiller den, besidder, da det på trods af de nye tilgængelige teknologier stadig er en opgave, der kun er inden for rækkevidde for meget få.

Efter nogle "mørke år" på grund af kvartskrisen (1970'erne) rejste Breguet sig fra asken takket være Swatch Group og producerer i dag nogle af de smukkeste tourbilloner, der kan beundres i urmagerkunsten i dag.

ADVERTISEMENT
ADVERTISEMENT
Michael Goldman

Author

Michael Goldman

Michael is an award-winning online reporter and content writer with over a decade of experience covering technology, business, and digital culture. His investigative features have been published in leading outlets such as Wired, The Verge, and Forbes, earning him recognition for accuracy and depth.


SPONSORED

Get Lifetime Access to the Lastest Movies, with Exclusive Offers & Free Express Order Delivery.

The best paddle surf board isn't at Decathlon: it's this one with thousands of accessories and outlet pricing - Grand Goldman

The best paddle surf board isn't at Decathlon: it's this one with thousands of accessories and outlet pricing - Grand Goldman

Even if you keep up a great workout routine all year round, when vacation time comes, we usually tend to slack off and put training aside. A good w...

Read
This is the best time to get cheap, good running shoes: here's why - Grand Goldman

This is the best time to get cheap, good running shoes: here's why - Grand Goldman

Running is an accessible sport and we only need a little time and a good pair of running shoes to get going, which we can find right now at a good ...

Read
Sports sunglasses: which is the best to buy? Tips and recommendations - Grand Goldman

Sports sunglasses: which is the best to buy? Tips and recommendations - Grand Goldman

The sun gives us energy that is vital for our system, but it can also harm us, which is why protection is vital. As Paracelsus said: the dose makes...

Read
The best folding stationary bikes: which one to buy? Tips and recommendations - Grand Goldman

The best folding stationary bikes: which one to buy? Tips and recommendations - Grand Goldman

When looking for a way to stay in shape from the comfort of our own home, few options are better than getting an exercise bike or a recumbent bike ...

Read
Pull-up bar: which one is best to buy? Tips and recommendations - Grand Goldman

Pull-up bar: which one is best to buy? Tips and recommendations - Grand Goldman

Pull-ups are undoubtedly one of the best exercises you can do to train your back and core muscles. Choosing a pull-up bar is not simple, as there a...

Read
Sports headphones: which is the best to buy? Tips and recommendations - Grand Goldman

Sports headphones: which is the best to buy? Tips and recommendations - Grand Goldman

There are times when exercising can get a bit boring and tedious; not every day we are and we need an external stimulus to encourage us to train. ...

Read
Sports Sunglasses: Which Is Best to Buy? Tips and Recommendations - Grand Goldman

Sports Sunglasses: Which Is Best to Buy? Tips and Recommendations - Grand Goldman

The sun provides us with energy that is vital for our system, but at the same time, it can be harmful. As Paracelsus said: the dose makes the poiso...

Read
These are the best thermal bottles to stay hydrated during this heat wave while we train in summer - Grand Goldman

These are the best thermal bottles to stay hydrated during this heat wave while we train in summer - Grand Goldman

We are experiencing one of the toughest weeks of summer, with places in the country reaching nearly 45º, making going outside dangerous, and even m...

Read
Adidas Salomon Reebok: the best deals on running and training shoes on Amazon Prime Day - Grand Goldman

Adidas Salomon Reebok: the best deals on running and training shoes on Amazon Prime Day - Grand Goldman

Finally, the Prime Day 2023 has begun, where we can find great deals on the Amazon website between July 11 and 12. We are sure that sports enthusia...

Read
Adidas, Puma, Reebok: the best deals on running and training shoes on Amazon Prime Day - Grand Goldman

Adidas, Puma, Reebok: the best deals on running and training shoes on Amazon Prime Day - Grand Goldman

Finally, Prime Day 2023 has begun, where we can find great deals on the Amazon website between July 11 and 12. Sports enthusiasts are sure to want ...

Read

ADVERTISEMENT




SPONSORED