Food delivery riders are calling on platforms like Deliveroo, Uber Eats, and Just Eat to open up the AI-driven algorithms that determine their pay, as they report significant drops in earnings. In Edinburgh, a group of riders has documented how increased automation has coincided with reduced wages and deteriorating working conditions. "I am making half the money I was making four years ago, for the same amount of hours. It makes no sense," said David, a rider of seven years.
The riders, organized through the Workers' Observatory charity, are demanding transparency in the "black box" of algorithmic decision-making. They argue that AI systems, which optimize delivery routes and order assignments, are being used to lower pay without clear justification. This movement highlights a growing tension between gig economy platforms and their workforce over the use of advanced technology.
The Impact of AI on Rider Pay
Riders in Edinburgh report that their earnings have fallen by up to 50% over the past four years, even as they deliver similar numbers of orders. The algorithms, which are proprietary, decide which jobs are offered, the pay per delivery, and even the time allowed for each trip. Riders believe that these systems are prioritizing platform profits over fair compensation.
"The algorithm is a black box," said another rider, Maria. "We don't know how it calculates our pay or why some jobs pay less than others. It's not transparent, and we have no way to appeal." This lack of visibility is a core issue, as riders are often treated as independent contractors with little recourse.
How AI Algorithms Work in Food Delivery
Delivery platforms use machine learning to predict demand, optimize routes, and set pay rates. These models consider factors like distance, time, weather, and rider availability. However, the exact formulas are kept secret, leading to accusations of unfairness. For example, a rider might be offered a delivery that pays less than the minimum wage after expenses, but they have no way to know why.

Platforms argue that AI improves efficiency and benefits both customers and riders by reducing wait times and increasing order volumes. Yet, riders counter that the savings are not passed on to them. "They say AI helps us get more orders, but our pay per order has dropped," said David. "It's a race to the bottom."
Comparing Platform Practices
A recent analysis by the Workers' Observatory compared pay rates across the three major platforms in Edinburgh. The findings show a consistent decline in average earnings per hour, adjusted for inflation.
| Platform | Average Pay per Hour (2020) | Average Pay per Hour (2024) | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| Deliveroo | £12.50 | £8.75 | -30% |
| Uber Eats | £11.80 | £8.20 | -30.5% |
| Just Eat | £12.00 | £8.50 | -29.2% |
These figures, while based on rider-reported data, illustrate a worrying trend. Riders argue that without algorithmic transparency, they cannot negotiate fair pay or hold platforms accountable.
Key Takeaways for Gig Workers and Consumers
- Pay Transparency: Riders are demanding access to the algorithms that set their pay, calling for independent audits.
- Regulatory Action: There is a growing call for regulators to require platforms to disclose how AI affects worker earnings.
- Consumer Awareness: Customers may want to consider the impact of AI on rider welfare when choosing delivery services.
- Legal Challenges: Some riders are exploring legal avenues to challenge algorithmic pay cuts.
What Can Be Done?
Riders are not just complaining; they are proposing solutions. They suggest that platforms should publish the key factors that influence pay, allow for human review of algorithmic decisions, and involve workers in the design of AI systems. "We are not against technology," said Maria. "We just want it to be fair."
Some experts argue that the gig economy needs a new regulatory framework that addresses algorithmic accountability. This could include requirements for impact assessments, similar to those used in data protection. Until then, riders like David and Maria will continue to speak out, hoping that public pressure will force change.
FAQ
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