How to Make a Drum Combi Oven, the combi oven was developed simultaneously on two continents, according to available publications: one model appears in Africa and another in Latin America a couple of decades ago.
In Chile, farmers in the central zone developed the first model from two drums.
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Based on this simple popular invention, TEKNHE, an NGO from Santiago, developed the first diffusion model of the drum oven with the name "Combined Oven", due to the fact of burning wood continuously along with accumulating heat on the walls.
Subsequently, the El Canelo de Nos team analyzed the design and based on scientific calculations, modifications were introduced in the combustion chamber, firewood grill, secondary ventilation and the bricks or adobes placed on their sides for structural and energy accumulation purposes
The combi oven is much more efficient than the traditional hemispherical or half-drum ovens that we generally see in rural areas.
The objective pursued, with the installation of a combi oven, is to reduce the consumption of firewood per family and thus contribute to the fight against desertification and lower pollution levels.
In the mixed oven, efficiency in handling firewood is improved, combining the design of the combustion chamber with the use of materials with excellent thermal insulation, such as mud mixed with wheat straw.
Manufacturing of the adobes for the mixed oven
It is important to note that the preparation, size and method of manufacturing these adobes is exclusively for this type of oven. These adobes do not have any structural characteristics, therefore it would be a mistake to use them for any type of major construction.
Quantity and dimension of adobes:
For a mixed oven, about 200 30cm adobes are required. long by 15 cm. wide by 5 cm. thick each.
Preparation of a good mud:
1.- Make a hole measuring one square meter (1m x 1m) by half a meter deep (0.5m), obtaining 0.5m3 of material.
Make sure the walls are firm and do not crumble.
2.- When removing the earth from the excavation, it must be excavated immediately, removing all the stones that are found.
3.- Pour water up to a third of the excavation, then sprinkle simmered earth until you achieve a “thick soup.”
4.- Stir or step on the mud until the soup transforms into a kind of soft “puree” that drains in thick, slow drips.
Do this until completing about 40cm. of clay. Then comes a holding time in which you must shake and moisten the mixture at least every two days. Put up a roof or protect the mud from the sun. The ideal rest time is two to three weeks. This allows for a good dissolution and improves the amount of organic components present in the mixture.
Construction of the combustion chamber
The dome must be presented to size the perimeter of the combustion chamber and mark the location of the 1st run of bricks.
Dome, responsible for supporting the weight of the adobes, at the same time generates a space between the drum and the exterior.
Preparation of the 100 lt drum.
Picture
The recommended drum for home needs is a 100 liter drum with a ring lid.
The cover ring is important, since it allows it to be cut, install hinges and a handle to open the door.
Inside the drum, it is advisable to install two trays; for this, plates are used that support the angles through which the trays run.
Construction of the combustion chamber: Correct position of the first run of bricks or adobes
As you advance in the adobe runs, it is very important that they remain “locked” in the corners, this gives more solidity to the walls.
Perspective view of the position of the first run of bricks.
Installing inclined bricks in the combustion chamber allows the energy to be reflected towards the drum.
Once the combustion chamber is finished, we must wait at least a day for it to set. This will allow us to level the surface, to begin installing the drum with the dome.
Finally, the entire oven is plastered with a layer of mud and wheat straw.
Results:
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