Australia's smoking rates have fallen to a historic low of 5.6% in 2025, according to the latest AIHW National Drug Strategy Household Survey. This marks a significant decline from 8.3% in 2022–23, surpassing the federal government's 2025 target of less than 10%. However, the survey also reveals a troubling rise in illicit tobacco use among those who still smoke.
Key Findings on Smoking Rates and Illicit Tobacco
The survey, which included over 17,500 Australians aged 14 and above, found that daily tobacco smoking has dropped sharply. The Cancer Council Australia's CEO, Jacinta Reddan, noted that more than two-thirds of Australians have never smoked—a historic high. Yet, among current smokers, 34% reported using illicit tobacco, up from 16.7% in 2022–23.
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Illicit tobacco includes branded products without plain packaging and graphic health warnings, as well as unbranded loose tobacco often sold in plastic bags. About 22% of smokers purchased branded illicit tobacco in the past three months, and 57% of them bought it from a tobacconist.
Comparison of Smoking Data: 2022–23 vs 2025
| Metric | 2022–23 | 2025 |
|---|---|---|
| Daily smoking rate (14+) | 8.3% | 5.6% |
| Illicit tobacco use among smokers | 16.7% | 34% |
| Overall nicotine use (including vapes) | 17.4% | 15.2% |
| Never smoked (14+) | ~65% | >67% |
Understanding the Rise of Illicit Tobacco
The increase in illicit tobacco use is a concern for public health officials. Many smokers are turning to unregulated products that lack health warnings and quality controls. This trend has sparked debate about whether Australians are truly quitting or simply shifting to illegal sources.
Previous reports based on wastewater data suggested overall nicotine use was rising, but the AIHW survey clarifies that nicotine use, including from vapes and cessation products, has actually declined to 15.2%.
Key Takeaways
- Smoking rates in Australia have hit a historic low of 5.6%.
- Illicit tobacco use has doubled among smokers since 2022–23.
- Overall nicotine use, including vaping, is declining.
- The government's target of 5% daily smoking by 2030 is within reach.
Implications for Public Health
The decline in smoking rates is a major victory for Australia's tobacco control policies, including plain packaging and high taxes. However, the rise of illicit tobacco poses new challenges. Health experts urge stronger enforcement against illegal sales and continued support for cessation programs.
Vaping rates have stabilized, which may reflect regulatory changes. The survey shows that while some smokers switch to vapes, many are using illicit tobacco as a cheaper alternative.
FAQ
What is the current smoking rate in Australia?
The daily smoking rate for Australians aged 14 and above is 5.6% as of 2025, down from 8.3% in 2022–23.
Why is illicit tobacco use increasing in Australia?
Illicit tobacco is often cheaper and more accessible, with 34% of smokers reporting recent use. Many purchase it from tobacconists without health warnings.
Is vaping included in the nicotine use data?
Yes, the AIHW survey measures overall nicotine use, including vapes, pouches, and smoking cessation products. It declined to 15.2% in 2025.
Australia's progress on reducing smoking rates is commendable, but the illicit tobacco trend requires urgent attention. For more insights, explore our Australia section for the latest public health updates.
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