A Neanderthal killed by a wooden spear more than 70,000 years ago may be the earliest evidence of a human ancestor being killed by such a weapon, according to archaeologists. The discovery in Shanidar Cave, Iraqi Kurdistan, sheds new light on Neanderthal behavior and interpersonal violence.
Discovery in Shanidar Cave
Archaeologists excavated skeletal remains from under nearly 8 metres of rock and sediment. The adult Neanderthal, aged about 45, had a smooth round hole in the left shoulder blade. The 1.5cm-wide puncture, with three radiating fractures, is characteristic of a spear impact. Researchers also found seven teeth, several ribs, and a near-complete right hand leaning against a boulder.
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Unusual Burial Practices
At least five Neanderthals were buried in the same spot over years or decades, in a depression no larger than a fridge behind a huge boulder near the cave entrance. Some bodies were laid atop others still decomposing. Dr Emma Pomeroy, a biological anthropologist at the University of Cambridge, noted, "They’re coming back to the same spot to place bodies over a number of years or several decades and that’s really quite unusual in the Neanderthal archaeological record. It suggests there’s some kind of meaningful behaviour in depositing the dead there."
Significance of the Find
This injury may be the oldest evidence of a human ancestor killed by a wooden spear. It offers rare insight into Neanderthal interpersonal violence and mortuary practices, suggesting complex social and symbolic behavior.
Key Takeaways
- Earliest evidence of spear-related death in a human ancestor
- Unusual repeated burial in the same location
- Insights into Neanderthal social complexity
Comparison with Other Early Evidence
| Find | Age | Cause of Death |
|---|---|---|
| Shanidar Cave Neanderthal | 70,000+ years | Spear injury |
| Other early hominin remains | Varies | Often unclear |
FAQ
What is the significance of the Shanidar Cave discovery?
It may be the earliest evidence of a human ancestor killed by a wooden spear, providing insight into Neanderthal violence and burial practices.
How old are the remains?
The Neanderthal died more than 70,000 years ago.
Why is the repeated burial unusual?
It suggests meaningful behavior and social complexity, as Neanderthals returned to the same spot over years to deposit their dead.
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