Making a thatched roof pine-marten proof is a unique challenge that few thatchers encounter, but it's a growing concern in areas where these protected mammals thrive. Pine martens, with their sharp claws and relentless curiosity, can cause significant damage to traditional thatched roofs, as one homeowner near the Cairngorms discovered when a pine marten burrowed into her roof.
Understanding Pine Marten Behavior
Pine martens are agile, tree-dwelling members of the weasel family, native to Scotland and parts of Europe. They are known for their ability to squeeze through tiny gaps and their strong teeth that can gnaw through various materials. In the wild, they den in tree cavities, but increasingly they seek shelter in buildings, including thatched roofs. The damage often starts as an exploratory burrow, as seen in the case of the roundhouse south of the Cairngorms, where a hole about 10 inches wide was found, with tooth marks on the reed.
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Why Thatched Roofs Attract Pine Martens
Thatched roofs offer insulation, shelter, and sometimes even food if the homeowner feeds them, as Pam Aitchison did initially with peanut butter and jam sandwiches. The thick moss and lichen on older thatches provide additional camouflage and soft bedding. Once a pine marten finds a way in, it may return repeatedly, enlarging the hole and causing structural damage.
Comparing Pine Marten Damage to Other Pests
While squirrels, rats, and jackdaws are common culprits for thatch damage, pine martens present a unique set of challenges. The table below compares the typical damage caused by these animals.
| Pest | Type of Damage | Common Entry Points | Prevention Difficulty |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pine Marten | Large burrows, tooth marks on reed, dislodged thatch | Roof edges, chimneys, gaps in netting | High (agile and persistent) |
| Squirrel | Chewing through reed, wire netting, lead flashings | Any small gap, often near trees | Moderate |
| Rat | Tunneling, gnawing, contamination | Ground level, gaps in walls | Moderate |
| Jackdaw | Pulling out thatch for nesting, blocking gutters | Chimneys, roof ridges | Low to Moderate |
How to Make a Thatched Roof Pine-Marten Proof
Preventing pine marten access requires a multi-faceted approach. Here are key strategies:
- Reinforce netting: Use heavy-gauge wire netting over the thatch, securely fastened at edges. Pine martens can chew through standard netting, so consider metal mesh with small openings.
- Seal entry points: Inspect the roof regularly for gaps, especially around chimneys, eaves, and ridges. Use metal flashing and sealants.
- Avoid feeding: Never feed pine martens, as this encourages them to associate buildings with food and may lead to roof damage.
- Install deterrents: Motion-activated lights or sprinklers may help, but pine martens are intelligent and may habituate. Ultrasonic devices have limited efficacy.
- Consult a professional: A thatcher experienced with wildlife-proofing can recommend specific solutions for your roof.
Legal Considerations
Pine martens are protected in the UK under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981. It is illegal to intentionally kill, injure, or disturb them, or damage their resting places. Any proofing measures must be humane and legal. In some cases, you may need a licence to exclude them.
Case Study: The Cairngorms Roundhouse
In the case of Pam Aitchison's roundhouse, the pine marten's exploratory burrow did not go all the way through, but it highlighted the need for preventive measures. The thatcher, with 14 years of experience, noted that while squirrel damage is common, pine marten damage is rare. However, as pine marten populations recover and expand, such incidents may become more frequent. The new thatch will incorporate reinforced netting and careful sealing of potential entry points.
FAQ
Can pine martens damage thatched roofs?
Yes, pine martens can cause damage by burrowing into thatch, especially if they find an entry point. They may chew through reed and netting, creating holes that can lead to water ingress and structural issues.
How can I prevent pine martens from accessing my thatched roof?
Use heavy-duty wire netting, seal gaps around chimneys and eaves, avoid feeding them, and consider professional proofing. Ensure all measures are humane and comply with wildlife protection laws.
Are pine martens protected in the UK?
Yes, pine martens are protected under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981. It is illegal to intentionally harm them or damage their resting places. Always seek advice before taking action.
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