Women Less Likely to Receive Active Medical Treatment Than Men 2026

Women with the same health conditions as men are less likely to be offered active treatment, such as surgery, a stent, or strong painkillers, according to a major review of global research. The study, led by researchers at the University of St Andrews and published in the journal Plos One, analysed 38 studies and found that in 33 of them, women were less likely to receive active treatment than men.

Widespread Disparities Across Multiple Conditions

The review uncovered significant gender disparities in care for several serious health problems, including cardiovascular conditions, kidney disease, and Parkinson's disease. For example, women with myocardial infarction, heart failure, or an irregular heartbeat were more likely to be given medication, while men were more likely to receive a coronary bypass, stent, or other surgical treatment. Women were also less likely to be prescribed statins.

In Parkinson's disease, men were more likely to be referred for deep brain stimulation. For liver failure, men were more likely to receive a transplant than women. Female kidney patients requiring dialysis were less likely to be given permanent access and had to spend longer using a catheter. Additionally, women were less likely to be given opioids for pain management.

Key Takeaways from the Research

• Active treatment gap: Women are less likely to receive surgery, stents, or strong painkillers for the same conditions as men.
• Cardiovascular care: Men are more likely to undergo coronary bypass or stent procedures, while women are more often prescribed medication.
• Organ transplants: Men with liver failure are more likely to receive a transplant than women.
• Pain management: Women are less likely to be prescribed opioids for pain relief.
• Exceptions: For stroke and diabetes, no significant difference was found between sexes in treatment.

Comparing Treatment Rates by Condition

Why These Disparities Exist

The reasons behind these disparities are complex and likely involve a combination of factors, including unconscious bias, differences in how symptoms are presented and perceived, and historical underrepresentation of women in clinical trials. The researchers emphasise that these findings reveal the extent to which women have significantly unequal care, highlighting an urgent need for systemic change in medical practice and research.

What This Means for Patients

If you or a loved one are facing a serious health condition, it's important to be aware of these potential disparities. Advocate for yourself by asking questions about all available treatment options, seeking second opinions, and ensuring your symptoms are taken seriously. Healthcare providers must also be educated about these biases to ensure equitable care for all patients.

FAQ