The AfD's win in Germany is a stark warning for European democracy. The far-right Alternative für Deutschland (AfD) narrowly failed to secure an outright majority in state elections in Saxony-Anhalt, but nobody should take comfort from that. The party still won by a landslide, capturing 44% of the vote, a result that underscores the growing normalization of far-right politics across the continent.
Decades of far-right election gains have made such victories seem routine, yet 44% for a party officially classified as “extreme right” is anything but normal. This is a dark day for Europe, even if it occurs in a small east German state. While Saxony-Anhalt may have dodged the worst outcome because the AfD won’t automatically form the first far-right state government since the Nazi era, there is no reason to assume it will be so lucky next time. Neither will other German states, such as Mecklenburg-Vorpommern in two weeks’ time, nor other countries, such as France next year.
The Far-Right Surge Across Europe
The AfD's success is not an isolated incident. Across Europe, far-right parties are gaining ground, exploiting economic anxieties, immigration concerns, and cultural fears. In France, Marine Le Pen’s National Rally is a serious contender for the presidency. In Italy, Giorgia Meloni’s Brothers of Italy leads the government. In Spain, Vox has entered parliament. The trend is clear: no country is immune from the far right.
What is more alarming is that no far-right party or politician is too extreme for political success, as the US has demonstrated. This requires urgent reflection and action. The old dominant parties—Christian Democrats, Socialists, and others—are being decimated, and party systems are fragmenting. This fragmentation often benefits extremists, who present themselves as the only alternative to a broken status quo.
Why Saxony-Anhalt Matters
Saxony-Anhalt, a rural state with a population of 2.2 million, serves as a microcosm of Europe’s challenges. The AfD’s support is strongest in eastern Germany, where economic disparities and a sense of being left behind persist decades after reunification. Many voters feel disenfranchised by globalization and the European Union, and they turn to the AfD as a protest vote.
However, the AfD is not a typical protest party. Its leaders have made statements that downplay Nazi crimes, and its youth wing is under surveillance by German intelligence for extremism. The party’s success in Saxony-Anhalt is a direct challenge to the post-war consensus that “never again” should fascism rise in Germany.
Comparative Data: Far-Right Gains in Europe
The following table illustrates the recent electoral performance of far-right parties in several European countries, highlighting the trend:
| Country | Party | Latest Election Result |
|---|---|---|
| Germany | AfD | 44% in Saxony-Anhalt (2021) |
| France | National Rally | 23% in EU elections (2019) |
| Italy | Brothers of Italy | 26% in general election (2022) |
| Spain | Vox | 15% in general election (2019) |
| Poland | PiS (right-wing) | 43% in general election (2019) |
This data reveals a pattern of far-right parties consolidating support, often becoming the largest opposition or even governing parties. The rise of such parties poses a threat to democratic institutions, minority rights, and the European project itself.
Strategies to Counter the Far Right
Time is running out. To halt the far-right advance, political leaders, civil society, and citizens must adopt comprehensive strategies. Key takeaways include:
- Address root causes: Tackle economic inequality, regional disparities, and social alienation that fuel far-right support.
- Reject normalization: Avoid treating far-right parties as legitimate partners; instead, expose their extremism and lies.
- Strengthen democratic institutions: Promote transparency, accountability, and civic education to build resilience against authoritarian appeals.
- Build broad coalitions: Form alliances across the political spectrum to isolate extremists and offer credible alternatives.
- Engage in grassroots dialogue: Listen to voters’ concerns and offer positive visions that counter fear-based narratives.
These strategies require political will and long-term commitment. Short-term fixes are insufficient; we must rethink our approaches to migration, identity, and globalization to prevent further polarization.
Conclusion
The AfD’s victory in Saxony-Anhalt is a wake-up call. It shows that the far right is not a fringe phenomenon but a mainstream force capable of winning elections. If we fail to act now, the next election could bring even more devastating results. The time to stop the far right is running out, but it is not too late to change course.
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