The UK’s climate extremes are increasingly becoming the new normal, with 2025 recorded as the hottest year on record, according to a new report. Data stretching back to 1884 shows unprecedented changes driven by carbon pollution, making dangerous heatwaves more frequent and intense.
Unprecedented Changes in UK Climate
The annual State of the UK Climate report, published in the International Journal of Climatology, reveals that last year was the hottest ever, with the warmest spring and summer on record. England experienced its driest spring in a century, and the UK has already recorded as many 30°C days in 2026 as in the extraordinary hot year of 1976.
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Key Findings from the Report
- 2025 was the hottest year since records began in 1884
- Last four years rank among the top five hottest on record
- Average hottest day in southeast England is 4.5°C warmer than 1961-1990
- Days over 30°C in Greater London more than quadrupled
- Colder northern regions now experience temperatures similar to London decades ago
Data Table: Temperature Changes Over Time
| Region | 1961-1990 Average Hottest Day | Recent Decade Average Hottest Day | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kent to Lincolnshire | Baseline | +4.5°C | Warmer |
| Greater London | Few days over 30°C | 4x more days over 30°C | Quadrupled |
| Northern UK | Cooler averages | Similar to 1980s London | Significant warming |
What This Means for the Future
Lead author Mike Kendon from the National Climate Information Centre states, “What we used to think of as extreme, we increasingly consider as normal.” The trend shows annual average temperatures of 11°C were virtually unknown in the 1980s, yet by 2025 almost a fifth of the UK land surface reached that value. Climate breakdown is making dangerous extremes hotter and more common.
FAQ
What is causing the UK climate extremes?
Carbon pollution from human activities is trapping heat in the atmosphere, leading to higher average temperatures and more frequent extreme weather events like heatwaves and droughts.
How much warmer is the UK getting?
In southeast England, the average hottest day is now 4.5°C warmer than in 1961-1990. Days over 30°C in Greater London have more than quadrupled, and northern regions now match temperatures London had in the 1980s.
Will UK heat records continue to break?
Yes, scientists warn that further unprecedented changes are likely, with record-breaking temperatures expected to become more common as climate change accelerates.
Understanding these shifts is crucial for preparing for future impacts on health, infrastructure, and energy utilities. The report underscores the urgency of reducing emissions and adapting to a warmer world.