In a stunning display of modern warfare, US tanks faced off against a Ukrainian drone army during the Combined Resolve exercise, resulting in what many are calling a historic humiliation. The exercise, held this spring, pitted around 3,500 US military personnel—mainly from the 3rd Armored Brigade Combat Team of the 1st Cavalry Division—against a opposition force reinforced by Ukrainian soldiers from the 412th Unmanned Systems Regiment, known as Nemesis.
For decades, the US military has built its ground superiority on a simple idea: find the enemy, concentrate massive firepower, and advance under the protection of tanks and armored vehicles. This exercise put that doctrine to the test against soldiers who have spent nearly four and a half years learning a different way of fighting. The result was uncomfortable, to say the least.
The Clash of Doctrines: US Tanks vs Ukrainian Drone Army
The US force was exactly the kind of heavy brigade that America has trained for a major ground war: M1A2 Abrams tanks, Bradley fighting vehicles, infantry, helicopters, drones, and electronic warfare systems. On the other side, the Ukrainian-reinforced opposition force brought a new playbook honed in the war in Ukraine.

From the first movements, a problem became obvious: the heavy armor kicked up huge dust clouds, making them easy targets for Ukrainian reconnaissance drones. The sequence was always the same: first came the drone that watched, then the one that killed. This tactic, reported by The Wall Street Journal, exposed a fundamental vulnerability in traditional armored formations.

Why the US Tank Doctrine Failed
The US military's approach relies on mass and firepower, but against a swarm of drones, these advantages can become liabilities. Large formations are easy to spot from the air, and their electronic signatures can be tracked. The Ukrainians, with their experience in drone warfare, exploited these weaknesses ruthlessly.

Moreover, the US forces were not fully prepared for the speed and agility of drone-directed attacks. The opposition force used small, inexpensive drones to locate and strike high-value targets, often before the US units could react. This asymmetry in cost and capability is a game-changer.
- Drones provide real-time reconnaissance, making it hard for heavy armor to hide.
- Low-cost drones can destroy expensive tanks, upending traditional cost-exchange ratios.
- Electronic warfare is critical but not yet sufficient to counter drone swarms.
- Ukrainian forces have adapted to drone-centric warfare through years of combat experience.
- US doctrine must evolve to integrate drones and counter-drone systems at every level.
Key Lessons from Combined Resolve
The exercise highlighted several critical gaps in US military readiness. First, the US needs better camouflage and concealment techniques to avoid detection by drones. Second, it must develop more effective counter-drone systems, including jamming and kinetic interceptors. Third, the US must rethink its force structure to be more dispersed and agile.
Additionally, the integration of drones at the lowest tactical levels is essential. The Ukrainians have shown that even small units can leverage drones for reconnaissance and attack. The US must empower its squads and platoons with similar capabilities. The background to this story is set out in Ukrainian Drones Spot Russia's Wounded Soldiers on Crutches. A related thread runs through Ukrainian Drone Videos Mock Russian Soldiers' Last Moments. Earlier coverage in Ukrainian Drone Videos Mock Russian Soldiers in Propaganda War shows how the argument developed.
Comparing US and Ukrainian Drone Capabilities
The table below summarizes the key differences observed during the exercise.
| Capability | US Forces | Ukrainian-Reinforced Opposition |
|---|---|---|
| Reconnaissance drones | Limited integration at small-unit level | Extensive, real-time ISR with small drones |
| Strike drones | Mostly larger systems, fewer in number | Large numbers of small, weaponized drones |
| Counter-drone systems | Emerging, not fully deployed | Improvised and effective electronic warfare |
| Tactical adaptation | Slower, doctrine-driven | Fast, decentralized decision-making |
| Cost-effectiveness | High-cost platforms | Low-cost, attritable systems |
What This Means for Future Conflicts
The outcome of Combined Resolve is a wake-up call. Future adversaries, whether state or non-state, will likely employ drone swarms and other asymmetric tactics. The US must adapt quickly or risk being outmatched. A closer look at the same subject appears in Ukrainian Drone Strikes Fuel Russia's Electric Car Boom. Anyone following the wider picture can start with Massive Ukrainian Drone Attack on Russia Kills Six. The same theme surfaces in Ukrainian Drone Strikes Cause Power Outages in Crimea, which takes a different angle.
This exercise also underscores the importance of learning from allies like Ukraine, who have real-world experience in modern drone warfare. The US should deepen its cooperation with Ukraine and other partners to incorporate these lessons into its own training and doctrine. Context on how this played out before sits in Ukrainian Drone Strikes Cut Power and Water in Crimea. A companion piece, Germany Drone Explosive Near Ukrainian Plane: Key Updates, approaches the same subject from another angle.